Although Linux is, as of November 2022, used by only around 2.6 percent of desktop computers, the Chromebook, which runs the Linux kernel-based ChromeOS, dominates the US K–12 education market and represents nearly 20 percent of sub-$300 notebook sales in the US. Because of the dominance of the Linux-based Android on smartphones, Linux, including Android, has the largest installed base of all general-purpose operating systems, as of May 2022. Linux was originally developed for personal computers based on the Intel x86 architecture, but has since been ported to more platforms than any other operating system. Because Linux is freely redistributable, anyone may create a distribution for any purpose. Distributions intended for servers may omit graphics altogether, or include a solution stack such as LAMP. Desktop Linux distributions include a windowing system such as X11 or Wayland, and a desktop environment such as GNOME or KDE Plasma. Commercial distributions include Red Hat Enterprise Linux and SUSE Linux Enterprise. Popular Linux distributions include Debian, Fedora Linux, and Ubuntu, the latter of which itself consists of many different distributions and modifications, including Lubuntu and Xubuntu. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name " GNU/Linux" to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy. Linux is typically packaged as a Linux distribution, which includes the kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Linux ( / ˈ l iː n ʊ k s/ ( listen) LEE-nuuks or / ˈ l ɪ n ʊ k s/ LIN-uuks) is a family of open-source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991, by Linus Torvalds. Most distributions include a desktop environment ( GUI).To convert image files interactively, use the GIMP to open the image, and then choose "Save as' from the File menu, and select the file type to use see Editing Images with the GIMP. If you convert a file from its source PNM format to JPEG and then back to PNM, the resultant PNM will not be identical to the original source PNM. For example, the JPEG format is a lossy format that is usually used for photographic images. NOTE: Some image formats are "lossy," in that some image information is lost when you convert to it. Some ImageMagick tools share common options, which is useful if you are making multiple changes to an image file at once only one tool is needed for the job. Notice that the options "-border' and "-comment' were previously described for the "mogrify' tool. This command writes its output to a file "pike.jpeg'. $ convert -interlace NONE -sharpen 50 -border 2x2 -comment 'copyright 1999 MS' pike.pnm pike.jpeg RET To convert the PNM file "pike.pnm' to non-interlaced JPEG while sharpening the image by 50 percent and adding both a 2x2 border and a copyright comment, type:.A non-interlaced image is drawn in one single pass.įor example, use convert to convert a PNM file to non-interlaced JPEG, while sharpening it, adding a border, and adding a copyright statement. When converting a file to JPEG format, be sure to use the "-interlace NONE' option to make sure the resultant JPEG image is non-interlaced-unless, of course, you want an interlaced image an interlaced image is drawn in multiple passes, and is often used on the Web where a reader may view the low-resolution image consisting of early passes before the entire image is downloaded. ![]() Xwd Color X Window System window "dump" file format. Tiffandtif Tagged Image File Format (usually pronounced "tiff"). Png Portable Network Graphics format (usually pronounced "ping"). Pcd Kodak PhotoCD format, 512x768 pixels maximum resolution. Pbm Black and white portable bitmap format. Jpegandjpg Joint Photographic Experts Group JFIF format (usually pronounced "jay-peg"). Gif CompuServe Graphics Interchange Format, version GIF89a (usually pronounced "giff," rhyming with "biff"). (The convention is to give extensions in all lowercase letters.)Ĭmyk Raw cyan, magenta, yellow, and black bytes. The following table lists the file extensions to use and describes their format. This command converts the JPEG image "phoenix.jpeg' to PNG format and writes it to a new file, "phoenix.png'. To convert the JPEG file "phoenix.jpeg' to a PNG image, type:.To specify the file type to convert to, use that file type's standard file extension in the file name of the converted file. When you convert a file, the original is not altered. ![]() Give the name of the file to convert as the first argument, and the destination file as the second argument. Use convert to convert the file format of an image.
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